List of all Famous Inventions and their Inventor (Bilingual)

Sr.No.InventionInventorCountryYear
1Adding MachinePascalFrance1642
2AeroplaneWright brothersUSA1903
3BalloonJacques and Joseph  MontgolfierFrance1783
4Ball –Point penC. BiroHungary1938
5BarometerE. TorricelliItaly1644
6BicycleK. MacmillanScotland1839
7Bicycle TyreJ.B. DunlopScotland1888
8Calculating MachinePascalFrance1642
9Centrigrade ScaleA.CelsiusFrance1742
10CinematographThomas Alva EdisonUSA1891
11ComputerCharles BabbageBritain1834
12Cine CameraFriese-GreeneBritain1889
13CinemaA.L. and J.L. LumiereFrance1895
14Clock (Machanical)Hsing and Ling –TsanChina1725
15Clock (Pendulum)C. HugyensNetherlands1657
16Diesel engineRudolf dieselGermany1892
17DynamiteAlfred NobelSweden1867
18DynamoMichael FaradayEngland1831
19Electric IronH.W. SeeleyUSA1882
20Electric lampThomas Alva EdisonUSA1879
21ElectromagnetW. sturgeonEngland1824
22Evolution (theory)Charles DarwinEngland1858
23Film (with sound)Dr. Lee de forestUSA1923
24Fountain PenLE. WatermanUSA1884
25Gas LightingWilliam MurdochScotland1794
26GramophoneT.A . EdisonUSA1878
27Jet EngineSir Frank whittleEngland1937
28LiftE.G. OtisUSA1852
29LocomotiveRichard TrevithickEngland1804
30Machine GunRichard GatlingUSA1861
31Match (Safety)J.E. LurdstromSweden1855
32MicrophoneDavid HughesUSA1878
33MicroscopeZ. JansenNetherlands1590
34Motor Car (Petrol)Karl –BenzGermany1885
35MotorcycleEdward ButlerEngland1884
36Neon -LumpG. ClaudeFrance1915
37NylonDr W.H. CarothersUSA1937
38Photography (Paper)W.H. Fox TablotEngland1835
39Printing PressJ. GutenbergGermany1455
40RaderDr A.H. Taylor and L.C. youngUSA1922
41RadiumMarie and Pierre CurieFrance1898
42RadioG. MarconiEngland1901
43RayonAmerican viscose Co.USA1910
44Razor (Safety)K.G. GilletteUSA1895
45Razor (electric)Col. J. SchickUSA1931
46RefrigeratorJ . Harrison and A. CatlinBritain1834
47RevolverSamuel ColtUSA1835
48Rubber (Vulcanized)Charles Good yearUSA1841
49Rubber (Waterproof)Charles MacintoshScotland1819
50Safety LampSir HumphreyEngland1816
51Safety pinWilliam HurstUSA1849
52Sewing MachineB. ThimmonnierFrance1830
53ScooterG. BradshawEngland1919
54Ship ( Steam)J.C. PerierFrance1775
55Ship ( turbine)Sir Charles parsonsBritain1894
56Shorthand (Modem)Sir Issac PitmanBritain1837
57Spinning jennyJames HargreavesEngland1764
58Steam engine (Piston)Thomas NewcomeBritain1712
59Steam engine ( Condenser)James WattScotland1765
60Steel productionHenry BessemerEngland1855
61Stainless steelHarry BrearleyEngland1913
62TankSir Ernest SwingtonEngland1914
63Telegraph codeSamuel F.B. MorseUSA1837
64TelephoneAlexander Graham BellUSA1876
65TelescopeHans LippersheyNetherlands1608
66TelevisionJohn logie baredScotland1926
67TeryleneJ. Whinfield and H. DicksonEngland1941
68ThermoscopeGalileo GalileiItaly1593
69TractorJ. FroelichUSA1892
70TransistorBardeen, ShockleyUSA & UK 1949
71TypewriterC. SholesUSA1868
72Valve of radioSir J.A. ‘flemingBritain1904
73WatchA.L.  BreguetFrance1791
74X-rayWilhelm RoentgenGermany

1895

75Zip fastenerW.L. JudsonUSA-  1891

 Read in Hindi

เคธเคญी เคช्เคฐเคธिเคฆ्เคง เค†เคตिเคท्เค•ाเคฐ เค”เคฐ เค‰เคจเค•े เค†เคตिเคท्เค•ाเคฐเค• เค•ी เคธूเคšी

เค•्เคฐเคฎांเค•.เค†เคตिเคท्เค•ाเคฐเค†เคตिเคท्เค•ाเคฐเค•เคฆेเคถเคธाเคฒ
1เคœोเคก़เคคी เคนुเคˆ เคฎเคถीเคจเคชाเคธ्เค•เคฒเคซ्เคฐांเคธ1642
2เคตिเคฎाเคจเคฐाเค‡เคŸ เคฌ्เคฐเคฆเคฐ्เคธเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1903
3เค—ुเคฌ्เคฌाเคฐाเคœैเค•्เคธ เค”เคฐ เคœोเคธेเคซ เคฎॉเคจ्เคŸเค—ॉเคฒ्เคซिเคฏเคฐเคซ्เคฐांเคธ1783
4เคฌॉเคฒเคชॉเค‡ंเคŸ เค•เคฒเคฎเคธी। เคฌिเคฐोเคนंเค—เคฐी1938
5เคฌैเคฐोเคฎीเคŸเคฐเคˆ। เคŸोเคฐिเคธेเคฒीเค‡เคŸเคฒी1644
6เคธाเค‡เค•िเคฒเค•े। เคฎैเค•เคฎिเคฒเคจเคธ्เค•ॉเคŸเคฒैंเคก1839
7เคธाเค‡เค•िเคฒ เค•ा เคŸाเคฏเคฐเคœेเคฌी เคกเคจเคฒเคชเคธ्เค•ॉเคŸเคฒैंเคก1888
8เค—เคฃเค•เคฏंเคค्เคฐเคชाเคธ्เค•เคฒเคซ्เคฐांเคธ1642
9เคธेंเคŸ्เคฐीเค—्เคฐैเคก เคธ्เค•ेเคฒA.Celsiusเคซ्เคฐांเคธ1742
10เคธिเคจेเคฎाเคฅॉเคฎเคธ เค…เคฒ्เคตा เคเคกीเคธเคจเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1891
1 1เคธंเค—เคฃเค•เคšाเคฐ्เคฒ्เคธ เคฌैเคฌेเคœเคฌ्เคฐिเคŸेเคจ1834
12เคธिเคจे เค•ैเคฎเคฐाFriese-เค—्เคฐीเคจเคฌ्เคฐिเคŸेเคจ1889
13เคธिเคจेเคฎाAL เค”เคฐ JL Lumiereเคซ्เคฐांเคธ1895
14เค˜เคก़ी (เคฎाเคšिเค•เคฒ)เคนिंเค— เค”เคฐ เคฒिंเค— -เคŸเคจเคšीเคจ1725
15เค˜เคก़ी (เคชेंเคกुเคฒเคฎ)เคธी। เคน्เคฏूเคœेंเคธเคจीเคฆเคฐเคฒैंเคก1657
16เคกीเคœเคฒ เค‡ंเคœเคจเคฐूเคกोเคฒ्เคซ เคกीเคœเคฒเคœเคฐ्เคฎเคจी1892
17เคฌाเคฐूเคฆเค…เคฒ्เคซ्เคฐेเคก เคจोเคฌेเคฒเคธ्เคตीเคกเคจ1867
18เคกाเค‡เคจेเคฎोเคฎाเค‡เค•เคฒ เคซैเคฐाเคกेเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1831
19เคเคฒेเค•्เคŸ्เคฐिเค• เค‡เคธ्เคค्เคฐीเคเคšเคกเคฌ्เคฒ्เคฏू เคธीเคฒेเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1882
20เคฌिเคœเคฒी เค•ा เคฆीเคชเค•เคฅॉเคฎเคธ เค…เคฒ्เคตा เคเคกीเคธเคจเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1879
21เคตिเคฆ्เคฏुเคคเคกเคฌ्เคฒ्เคฏू। เคธ्เคŸเคฐ्เคœเคจเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1824
22เคตिเค•ाเคธ (เคธिเคฆ्เคงांเคค)เคšाเคฐ्เคฒ्เคธ เคกाเคฐ्เคตिเคจเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1858
23เคซिเคฒ्เคฎ (เคง्เคตเคจि เค•े เคธाเคฅ)เคกॉ। เคฒी เคกे เคตเคจเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1923
24เค•เคฒเคฎเคฒे। เคจाเคตिเค•เค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1884
25เค—ैเคธ เคช्เคฐเค•ाเคถเคตिเคฒिเคฏเคฎ เคฎเคฐ्เคกोเค•เคธ्เค•ॉเคŸเคฒैंเคก1794
26เค—्เคฐाเคฎोเคซ़ोเคจเคŸीเค। เคเคกीเคธเคจเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1878
27เคœेเคŸ เค‡ंเคœिเคจเคธเคฐ เคซ्เคฐेंเค• เคต्เคนिเคŸเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1937
28เคฒिเคซ़्เคŸเคˆเคœी เค“เคŸिเคธเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1852
29เคฒोเค•ोเคฎोเคŸिเคตเคฐिเคšเคฐ्เคก เคŸ्เคฐेเคตिเคฅिเค•เค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1804
30เคฎเคถीเคจ เค—เคจเคฐिเคšเคฐ्เคก เค—ैเคŸเคฒिंเค—เค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1861
31เคฎैเคš (เคธुเคฐเค•्เคทा)เคœेเคˆ เคฒाเคฐ्เคกเคธ्เคŸ्เคฐॉเคฎเคธ्เคตीเคกเคจ1855
32เคฎाเค‡เค•्เคฐोเคซ़ोเคจเคกेเคตिเคก เคน्เคฏूเคœेเคธเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1878
33เคฎाเค‡เค•्เคฐोเคธ्เค•ोเคชเคœेเคก। เคœिเคจเคธेเคจเคจीเคฆเคฐเคฒैंเคก1590
34เคฎोเคŸเคฐ เค•ाเคฐ (เคชेเคŸ्เคฐोเคฒ)เค•ाเคฐ्เคฒ-เคฌेंเคœ़เคœเคฐ्เคฎเคจी1885
35เคฎोเคŸเคฐเคธाเค‡เค•िเคฒเคเคกเคตเคฐ्เคก เคฌเคŸเคฒเคฐเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1884
36เคจिเค‘เคจ-เคฒเคฎ्เคชเคœी เค•्เคฒाเค‰เคกเคซ्เคฐांเคธ1915
37เคจाเคฏเคฒॉเคจเคกॉ। เคกเคฌ्เคฒ्เคฏू। เค•ैเคฐोเคฒเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1937
38เคซ़ोเคŸोเค—्เคฐाเคซ़ी (เคชेเคชเคฐ)เคกเคฌ्เคฒ्เคฏूเคเคš เคซॉเค•्เคธ เคŸैเคฌ्เคฒेเคŸเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1835
39เค›ाเคชाเค–ाเคจाเคœे। เค—ुเคŸेเคจเคฌเคฐ्เค—เคœเคฐ्เคฎเคจी1455
40Raderเคกॉ เคเคเคš เคŸेเคฒเคฐ เค”เคฐ เคเคฒเคธी เคฏुเคตाเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1922
41เคฐेเคกिเคฏเคฎเคฎेเคฐी เค”เคฐ เคชिเคฏเคฐे เค•्เคฏूเคฐीเคซ्เคฐांเคธ1898
42เคฐेเคกिเคฏोเคœी। เคฎाเคฐ्เค•ोเคจीเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1901
43เคฐेเคฏाเคจเค…เคฎेเคฐिเค•ी เคตिเคธ्เค•ोเคธ เค•ंเคชเคจीเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1910
44เคฐेเคœเคฐ (เคธुเคฐเค•्เคทा)เค•ेเคœी เคœिเคฒेเคŸเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1895
45เคฐेเคœเคฐ (เค‡เคฒेเค•्เคŸ्เคฐिเค•)เค•เคฐ्เคจเคฒ เคœे। เคถिเค•เค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1931
46เคซ्เคฐिเคœเคœे । เคนैเคฐिเคธเคจ เค”เคฐ เค। เค•ैเคŸเคฒिเคจเคฌ्เคฐिเคŸेเคจ1834
47เคฐिเคตाเคฒ्เคตเคฐเคถเคฎूเคเคฒ เคฌเค›ेเคก़ाเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1835
48เคฐเคฌเคฐ (เคตเคฒ्เค•ेเคจाเค‡เคœ्เคก)เคšाเคฐ्เคฒ्เคธ เค—ुเคก เคˆเคฏเคฐเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1841
49เคฐเคฌเคฐ (เคœเคฒเคฐोเคงเค•)เคšाเคฐ्เคฒ्เคธ เคฎैเค•िเคจ्เคŸोเคถเคธ्เค•ॉเคŸเคฒैंเคก1819
50เคธुเคฐเค•्เคทा เคฒैंเคชเคธเคฐ เคนเคฎ्เคซ्เคฐीเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1816
51เค•ोเคจा เคจ เคšुเคญเคจेเคตाเคฒी เค†เคฒเคชीเคจเคตिเคฒिเคฏเคฎ เคนเคฐ्เคธ्เคŸเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1849
52เคธिเคฒाเคˆ เคฎเคถीเคจเคฌी เคฅिเคฎ्เคฎोเคจिเคฏเคฐเคซ्เคฐांเคธ1830
53เคธ्เค•ूเคŸเคฐเคœी। เคฌ्เคฐैเคกเคถॉเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1919
54เคœเคนाเคœ (เคญाเคช)เคœेเคธी เคชेเคฐिเคฏเคฐเคซ्เคฐांเคธ1775
55เคœเคนाเคœ (เคŸเคฐเคฌाเค‡เคจ)เคธเคฐ เคšाเคฐ्เคฒ्เคธ เคชाเคฐ्เคธเคจ्เคธเคฌ्เคฐिเคŸेเคจ1894
56เคถॉเคฐ्เคŸเคนैंเคก (เคฎोเคกेเคฎ)เคธเคฐ เค‡เคธ्เคธाเค• เคชिเคŸเคฎैเคจเคฌ्เคฐिเคŸेเคจ1837
57เคธ्เคชिเคจिंเค— เคœेเคจीเคœेเคฎ्เคธ เคนैเคฐเค—्เคฐेเคต्เคธเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1764
58เคธ्เคŸीเคฎ เค‡ंเคœเคจ (เคชिเคธ्เคŸเคจ)เคฅॉเคฎเคธ เคจ्เคฏूเค•ेเคฎเคฌ्เคฐिเคŸेเคจ1712
59เคธ्เคŸीเคฎ เค‡ंเคœเคจ (เคธंเค˜เคจिเคค्เคฐ)เคœेเคฎ्เคธ เคตॉเคŸเคธ्เค•ॉเคŸเคฒैंเคก1765
60เคธ्เคŸीเคฒ เค•ा เค‰เคค्เคชाเคฆเคจเคนेเคจเคฐी เคฌेเคธेเคฎเคฐเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1855
61เคธ्เคŸेเคจเคฒेเคธ เคธ्เคŸीเคฒเคนैเคฐी เคฌ्เคฐिเคฏเคฐเคฒीเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1913
62เคŸैंเค•เคธเคฐ เค…เคฐ्เคจेเคธ्เคŸ เคธ्เคตिंเค—เคŸเคจเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1914
63เคŸेเคฒीเค—्เคฐाเคซ เค•ोเคกเคธैเคฎुเค…เคฒ เคเคซเคฌी เคฎोเคฐ्เคธเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1837
64เคŸेเคฒीเคซोเคจเค…เคฒेเค•्เคœेंเคกเคฐ เค—्เคฐाเคนเคฎ เคฌेเคฒเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1876
65เคฆूเคฐเคฌीเคจเคนंเคธ เคฒिเคชเคฐเคถीเคจीเคฆเคฐเคฒैंเคก1608
66เคŸेเคฒीเคตिเคœเคจเคœॉเคจ เคฒोเค—ी เคจे เคฐोเค• เคฆिเคฏाเคธ्เค•ॉเคŸเคฒैंเคก1926
67teryleneเคœे। เคต्เคนिเคจเคซीเคฒ्เคก เค”เคฐ เคเคš। เคกिเค•्เคธเคจเค‡ंเค—เคฒैंเคก1941
68Thermoscopeเค—ैเคฒिเคฒिเคฏो เค—ैเคฒिเคฒीเค‡เคŸเคฒी1593
69เคŸ्เคฐैเค•्เคŸเคฐเคœे। เคซ्เคฐेเคฒिเคšเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1892
70เคŸ्เคฐांเคœिเคธ्เคŸเคฐเคฌเคฐเคฆीเคจ, เคถॉเค•्เคฒेเคธंเคฏुเค•्เคค เคฐाเคœ्เคฏ เค…เคฎेเคฐिเค•ा เค”เคฐ เคฌ्เคฐिเคŸेเคจ1949
71เคŸाเค‡เคชเคฐाเค‡เคŸเคฐเคธी। เคถोเคฒ्เคธเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1868
72เคฐेเคกिเคฏो เค•ा เคตाเคฒ्เคตเคธเคฐ เคœेเค ’เคญाเค—เคคे เคนुเคเคฌ्เคฐिเคŸेเคจ1904
73เค˜เคก़ीเค…เคฒ เคฌ्เคฐेเค—ेเคŸเคซ्เคฐांเคธ1791
74เคเค•्เคธ-เคฐेเคตिเคฒ्เคนेเคฎ เคฐोเคंเคŸเค—ेเคจเคœเคฐ्เคฎเคจी1895
75เคœिเคช เคฌाเคงเคจें เคตाเคฒाWL Judsonเค…เคฎेเคฐीเค•ा1891


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List of Riverside Cities and States in India 2021:  Geography is an important part of General Awareness for SSC Exams & Railways exams. Recently, in the SSC MTS, SSC CHSL, RRB NTPC, etc questions based on Rivers & riverside cities were asked in many shifts. Also, In competitive exams, questions are directly asked based on the city and rivers. Generally, questions are asked in the following types: 1. Which of the following cities is situated on the bank of this river? 2. Agra is situated on the bank of the river.......? 3. Match the following pairs: Cities and rivers will be given. We are providing you with a list of Important cities with the Rivers on which they are situated. It will be useful for all SSC and Railway exams like SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC GD Constable, RRB NTPC, DFCCIL, DSSSB LDC, etc List of Riverside Cities and States in India 2021:  Geography is an important part of General Awareness for SSC Exams ...
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Education System during the British Period

Read important notes for UPSC on  Education during the British period . Also, Download Educational Development during British Rule pdf notes in Hindi and English here. Educational reforms during British rule were not destined for the development of India per se but Indians have utilized it in fullest to their advantage to fight for their independence. It has been observed that every year,  1-2 questions in UPSC/State PCS exams  are from educational developments during the colonial period. Here is the detailed list of all education reforms undertaken by the British. Education during the British Period Individual efforts under company rule Calcutta Madrasah was established by Warren Hastings in 1781 to study Muslim laws and customs. Jonathan Duncan established Sanskrit college at Banaras in 1791 for Hindu laws and philosophy. Fort William College was set up in 1800 by Wellesley for the training of civil servants of the Company. (It was closed in 1802). Charter Act of 1813 1...
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Important Monuments (State-wise) and their Builders

Know Your State | Important Monuments (State-wise) and their Builders:  In almost all the competitive exams, many Static GK-based questions are asked. Here, I'm providing you with the List of Indian Monuments that can be asked in the upcoming SSC & Railways Exams. Know Your State | Important Monuments (State-wise) and Their Builders Monument Place Built by Year/Century Agra Fort Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Akbar 1573 AD Agra city Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Sikandar Lodi - Aram Bagh Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Babur 1528 AD Akbar’s Tomb Sikandra, Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Akbar and his son Jahangir 1613 AD Tomb of Itmad-Ud-Daula Agra (Uttar Pradesh) NoorJahan 1628 AD Jama Masjid Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Shahjahan 1648 AD Deewan-E- Khas Agra Fort, Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Shahjahan - Shish Mahal Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Shahjahan 1632 AD Moti Masjid Agra Fort, Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Shahjahan 1635 AD Taj Mahal Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Shahjahan 1653 AD Anand Bhawan Allahabad, (Uttar Pradesh) Motilal Nehru 1930 AD Bada Ima...
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Longest Rivers of India

Longest Rivers of India:  India is a land of rivers.   All rivers in India are regarded as holy/religious sites, and they have played an important part in Indian traditions in various ways from prehistoric times. Every area of India is dotted with numerous significant rivers and  these massive bodies of water play a significant part in the country's economic growth.  What is a River? A river is a natural freshwater watercourse that runs into an ocean, sea, lake, or another river. The majority of India's main rivers run east and empty into the Bay of Bengal. Only five rivers in India flow from east to west, draining into the Arabian Sea: the Narmada, Mahi, Tapti, Luni, and Sabarmati. Classification of Rivers India's rivers are classified into two types: Himalayan Rivers (rivers that originate in the Himalayas) and Peninsular Rivers ( rivers that originate in the Peninsula ). Himalayan rivers are permanent, whereas Peninsular rivers are nourished by the rain.  Thi...
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Nicknames of Indian Cities

List of Nicknames of Indian Cities: Name of the City Nicknames State Agra City of Taj Petha Nagari Uttar Pradesh Ahmedabad Boston of India Manchester of India Gujarat Allahabad or Prayagraj Abode of the God City of Prime Ministers Sangam City Uttar Pradesh Amritsar Golden City of India Punjab Asansol Land of Black Diamond West Bengal Bengaluru or Banglore Electronic City of India Garden City of India IT Capital of India Science city of India Silicon Valley of India Space City Karnataka Bhagalpur The Silk City of India Bihar Bhopal City of Lakes Madhya Pradesh Indore Mini Mumbai Madhya Pradesh Bhimavaram City of Prawns Second Bardoli of India Andhra Pradesh Bhubaneswar Temple City of India Odisha Chandigarh The City Beautiful Chandigarh Chennai Auto Hub of India Detroit of Asia Gateway of South India Health Capital of India Banking Capital of India Motor city of India Tamil Nadu Coimbatore Textile City of India Manchester of South India Capital of Kongunadu Engineering City of In...
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17 Sustainable Development Goals

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals [SDGs] To Transform Our World   GOAL 1 : No Poverty.  GOAL 2 : Zero Hunger.  GOAL 3 : Good Health and Well-being.  GOAL 4 : Quality Education.  GOAL 5 : Gender Equality.  GOAL 6 : Clean Water & Sanitation.  GOAL 7 : Affordable & Clean Energy.  GOAL 8 : Decent Work & Economic Growth.  GOAL 9 : Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.  GOAL 10 : Reduced Inequality.  GOAL 11 : Sustainable Cities & Communities.  GOAL 12 : Responsible Consumption & Production.  GOAL 13 : Climate Action.  GOAL 14 : Life Below Water.  GOAL 15 : Life on Land.  GOAL 16 : Peace & Justice Strong Institutions. GOAL 17: Partnerships to Achieve the Goal.
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Kushana Rule

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Hello Aspirants,  In this article, we have covered the Kushanas rule which was prevalent in Northern India around 232 BC. Below the article you will also find the direct link to download the PDF of these notes. All the Best!! Kushana Rule The decline of the Mauryan empire began after Ashoka’s rule ended in 232 BC. The empire collapsed within 25 years. Simultaneously the area began to shrank and several powers both native and outsiders occupied the space. Among the natives were Sungas, Kanvas and Satvahanas in eastern and Deccan India. During 200 BC, there started widespread contacts with Central Asia. As India didn’t saw any large empire of Mauryan scale for a long time, several of the dynasties from northwestern part started pushing. Some of the prominent were Sakas, Parthians etc. Kushans were one among them who came around 50 AD. Background of Kushans Kushans succeeded the Parthian rulers. Yue-chi tribe was divided into five clans and they were one among them, also called as Toc...
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DEVELOPMENT OF PRESS DURING BRITISH RULE

DEVELOPMENT OF PRESS DURING BRITISH RULE The evolution of Indian press during British rule was filled with difficulties like illiteracy, colonial pressure and repression. But later on, it became a prominent tool for the freedom struggle. Some of the important developments are: The first printing press was established by Portuguese in 1556. First newspaper of India was established in 1780 by  James Augustus Hickey  named Calcutta General Advertiser or The Bengal Gazette. He is considered as the ‘Father of Indian press’. Bengal Gazette is also sometimes known as Hickey’s Gazette. This newspaper was later seized by the government in 1782. The censorship Act, 1799: It was enacted by Lord Wellesley to prevent French from spreading rumours which could harm British. According to this, every newspaper should contain the names of the printer, editor and proprietor. Before printing anything, it should be submitted to the secretary of Censorship. Licensing regulation, 1823: It was enacte...
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