Delhi Sultanate Part-2
Delhi Sultanate Part-2
Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1412)
Emperor | Period |
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq | 1320-24 |
Muhammad Tughlaq | 1324-51 |
Firoz Shah Tughlaq | 1351-88 |
Mohammad Khan | 1388 |
Ghiyassuddin Tughlaq Shah II | 1388 |
Abu Baqr | 1389-90 |
Nasiruddin Muhammad | 1390-94 |
Humayun | 1394-95 |
Nasiruddin Mahmud | 1395-1412 |
Ruler | Period of Rule | Important facts |
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq | 1320-1325 | 1. Khusrau Khan, the last king of the Khilji dynasty was killed by Ghazni Malik, and Ghazni Malik ascended the throne assuming the title Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. |
Mohammad-bin Tughlaq | 1325-1351 | 1. Prince Jauna, Son of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq ascended the throne in 1325 |
Firoz Shah Tughlaq | 1351-1388 | 1. He was a cousin of Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq. After his death, the nobles and the theologians of the court selected Firoz Shah as the next Sultan. |
After Firoz Shah Tughlaq | 1388-1414 | 1. The Tughlaq dynasty would not survive much after Firoz Shah's death. The Malwa, Gujarat and Sharqi (Jaunpur) Kingdoms broke away from the Sultanate. |
Sayyid dynasty (1414 – 1450)
Emperor | Period |
Khizr Khan | 1414-21 |
Mubarak Shah | 1421-33 |
Muhammad Shah | 1421-43 |
Alauddin Alam Shah | 1443-51 |
Ruler | Period of Rule | Important facts |
Khizr Khan | 1414-1421 | 1. Timur's nominee captured Delhi and was proclaimed the new Sultan and the first of the Sayyid Dynasty. |
Mubarak Shah | 1421-1434 | 1. He succeeded Khizr at the throne after his successful expeditions against Mewatis, Katehars and the Gangetic Doab area. |
Muhammad Shah | 1434-1443 | 1. The nobles put Muhammad Shah on the throne, but could not survive the in-fighting among the nobles in the court. |
Alam Shah | 1443-1451 | The last Sayyid king descended in favour of Bahlol Lodhi and he retired. Thus began the Lodhi dynasty, which confined to Delhi and a few surrounding areas. |
The Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526 AD)
Ruler | Period of Rule | Important facts |
Bahlol Lodhi | 1451-88 | 1. Bahlol Lodhi was one of the Afghan sardars who established himself in Punjab after the invasion of Timur |
Sikandar Lodhi | 1489-1517 | 1. Sikandar Lodhi was the son of Bahlol Lodhi who conquered Bihar and Western Bengal. |
Ibrahim Lodhi | 1517-26 | 1. He was the last king of Lodhi dynasty and the last Sultan of Delhi |
Causes of Decline of Delhi Sultanate
- Deposited and military type of government which did not have the confidence of the people.
- Degeneration of Delhi Sultans (esp. the wild projects of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq, Incompetence of Firoz Tughlaq).
- War of succession as there was no fixed law of it.
- Greed and incompetency of nobles.
- Defective military organisation.
- Vastness of empire and poor means of communication.
- Financial instability.
- The number of slaves increased to 1, 80,000 at the time of Firoz Tughlaq which was a burden on the treasury.
- Invasion of Timur.
Important Central Departments
Department | Function |
Diwan-i-Risalat (Foreign Minister) | Department of appeals |
Diwan-i-Ariz | Military department |
Diwan-i-Bandagan | Department of slaves |
Diwan-i-Qaza-i-Mamalik | Department of justice |
Diwan-i-Isthiaq | Department of pensions |
Diwan-i-Mustakhraj | Department of arrears |
Diwan-i-Khairat | Department of charity |
Diwan-i-Kohi | Department of agriculture |
Diwan-i-Insha | Department of correspondence |
Important Central Officials
Post | Role |
Wazir | The Chief Minister of the State in Charge of revenue and finances, controlled by other departments. |
Ariz-i-Mamlik | Head of Military department |
Qazi | Legal Officer(dispensed civil law based on Muslim law Shariat) |
Wakil-i-dar | Controller of the royal households. |
Barid-i-mumalik | Head of the state news agency |
Amir-i-majlis | Officer-in-charge of royal feasts, conference and festivals. |
Majlis-i-am | Council of friends and officers consulted on important affairs of the state. |
Dahir-i-mumalik | Head of the royal correspondence. |
Sadr-us-sudur | Dealt with the religious matters and endowments. |
Sadr-i-jahan | Officers-in-charge of the religious and charitable endowment. |
Amir-i-dad | Public prosecutors |
Naib wazir | Deputy Minister |
Mushrif-i-mumalik | Accountant general |
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