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DEVELOPMENT OF PRESS DURING BRITISH RULE The evolution of Indian press during British rule was filled with difficulties like illiteracy, colonial pressure and repression. But later on, it became a prominent tool for the freedom struggle. Some of the important developments are: The first printing press was established by Portuguese in 1556. First newspaper of India was established in 1780 by  James Augustus Hickey  named Calcutta General Advertiser or The Bengal Gazette. He is considered as the ‘Father of Indian press’. Bengal Gazette is also sometimes known as Hickey’s Gazette. This newspaper was later seized by the government in 1782. The censorship Act, 1799: It was enacted by Lord Wellesley to prevent French from spreading rumours which could harm British. According to this, every newspaper should contain the names of the printer, editor and proprietor. Before printing anything, it should be submitted to the secretary of Censorship. Licensing regulation, 1823: It was enacte...

India's struggle for independence was accompanied by many revolutionary movements that have been raised from different parts of the country. In this article, we will be discussing all important revolutionary movements which are very important for different competitive exams like UPSC, State PCS etc. This article also includes PDF which is downloadable in both English and Hindi. REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS DURING BRITISH ERA Revolutionaries are those people who believed in overthrowing the British government in India by means of mass movements. They wanted to organise a rebellion against the government and even tampering with the army and using guerrilla warfare for overthrowing the foreign rule. To overthrow the colonial rule, they openly preached sedition, disloyalty and revolution. Through courage and self-sacrifice, the young revolutionaries were able to inspire a large number of people. Revolutionary movements Chapekar brothers (1897) This was the first political assassination of B...

Read important notes for UPSC on  Education during the British period . Also, Download Educational Development during British Rule pdf notes in Hindi and English here. Educational reforms during British rule were not destined for the development of India per se but Indians have utilized it in fullest to their advantage to fight for their independence. It has been observed that every year,  1-2 questions in UPSC/State PCS exams  are from educational developments during the colonial period. Here is the detailed list of all education reforms undertaken by the British. Education during the British Period Individual efforts under company rule Calcutta Madrasah was established by Warren Hastings in 1781 to study Muslim laws and customs. Jonathan Duncan established Sanskrit college at Banaras in 1791 for Hindu laws and philosophy. Fort William College was set up in 1800 by Wellesley for the training of civil servants of the Company. (It was closed in 1802). Charter Act of 1813 1...

Indian National Movement (1917-1947) Emergence of Gandhi in India M K Gandhi returned from South Africa (where he had lived for more than 20 years) to India in 1915. There he had led a peaceful agitation against the discrimination meted out to Indians and had emerged as a respected leader. It was in South Africa that he developed his brand of Satyagraha. In India, he first used this tool against the British government at Champaran in Bihar. Champaran Satyagraha (1917) The first civil disobedience movement by Gandhi in the freedom struggle. Persuaded by Rajkumar Shukla, an indigo cultivator, Gandhi went to Champaran in Bihar to investigate the conditions of the farmers there. The farmers were suffering under heavy taxes and an exploitative system. They were forced to grow indigo by the British planters under the tinkathia system. Gandhi arrived in Champaran to investigate the matter but was not permitted by the British authorities to do so. He was asked to leave the place but he refused...

Newspapers & Journals is an important topic in Modern History. There are 1-2 questions are asked every year from Newspapers and Journals during British India along with their founders. In this post, we are sharing you with " Complete List of Newspapers and Journals during British India " in Hindi & English. Complete List of Newspapers and Journals during British India Name of the Paper/Journal Year and Place from which Published Name of the Founder/Editor Bengal Gazette 1780, Calcutta James Augustus Hickey  Sambad Kaumudi  (weekly in Bengali) 1821 Raja Ram Mohan Roy  Mirat-ul Akbar  (First journal in Persian) 1822, Calcutta Raja Ram Mohan Roy  Banga-Duta  ( A weekly in four languages- English, Bengali, Persian, Hindi) 1822, Calcutta Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Dwarkanath Tagore Bombay Times (from 1861 onwards, The Times of India) 1838, Bombay Robert Knight and Thomas Bennett Rast Goftar  (A Gujarati fortnightly) 1851 Dadabhai Naoroji Hindu Patr...